【山東專升本】成人高考英語精講講義20--連詞
八.連詞(P47-48)
連詞是一種虛詞,用于連接單詞、短語、從句或句子,在句子中不單獨(dú)用作句子成分。連詞按其性質(zhì)可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞。并列連詞用于連接并列的單詞、短語、從句或句子,如and, but, or, for等;從屬連詞主要引出名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句等)和狀語從句(時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、目的狀語從句等),引出名詞性從句的連詞如that, whether等,引出狀語從句的連詞如when, because, since, if 等。
1)并列連詞的用法
a. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞。這類連詞主要有 but, yet 等。
例如:Someone borrowed my pen, but I don’t remember who.
有人借了我的鋼筆,但我不記得是誰了。
b. 表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞。這類連詞主要有 for, so 等。
例如:The child had a bad cough, so his mother took him to the doctor.
這孩子咳得很利害,所以他媽媽帶他去看醫(yī)生。
c. 表示并列關(guān)系的并列連詞。這類連詞主要有 and , or , either…or , neither…nor , not only…but (also) , both…and , as well as(不僅…而且…) 等。
例如:He didn’t go and she didn’t go either.
他沒去,她也沒去。
He speaks Chinese as well as his teacher.
他漢語說得和他老師一樣好。
This is important to you as well as to me.
這對(duì)你和我都很重要。
2) 從屬連詞的用法
a. 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞
a) 表示“當(dāng)…時(shí)候”或“每當(dāng)”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的 when, while, as, whenever。
例如: Don’t talk while you’re eating.
吃飯時(shí)不要說話。
b) 表示“在…之前(或之后)”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有before, after。
例如:Try to finish your work before you leave.
離開前設(shè)法把工作做完。
c) 表示“自從”或“直到”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有since, until, till。
例如:She’s been playing tennis since she was eight.
她從八歲起就打網(wǎng)球了。
*d) 表示“一…就”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than, hardly…when等。
例如:I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from her.
我一接她的信就通知你。。
b. 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞。這類連詞主要有if, unless, as [so] long as, in case 等。
例如:Do you mind if I open the window?
我開窗你不介意吧?
This river is as long as that one.
這條河和那條河一樣長。
As long as you work hard, you will have chance to be promoted.
只要你努力工作, 你就有機(jī)會(huì)得到晉升。
c. 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。
例如:Take your umbrella (just) in case it rains.
帶上雨傘,以防下雨。
d. 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有so that, so…that, such…that等。
例如:I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat.
我去聽演講去得很早, 所以找個(gè)好座位。
e. 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that) 等。
例如:He distrusted me because I was new.
他不信任我,因?yàn)槲沂切聛淼摹?/span>
*f. 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等。
例如:Whenever I see him I speak to him.
每當(dāng)我見到他,我都和他講話。
g. 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有as, as if, as though, the way等。
例如:Why didn’t you catch the last bus as I told you to?
你怎么不聽我的話趕乘末班公共汽車呢?
h. 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere等。
例如:I’ll take you anywhere you like.
你想到哪兒我就帶你到哪兒。
i. 引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有than和as…as。
例如:He doesn’t work as hard as she does.
他工作不像她那樣努力。
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